Tables, Section 7 (Entomology)

Table 7.1. Millipede species known from the Uluguru Mountains.

Unpublished records kindly made available by Dr. H. Enghoff are included. All the listed species, except Epibolus pulchripes, must be considered true forest species. They either live in humid decaying wood or on/in the forest floor. Taxonomy follows Hoffman (1979) and Enghoff (1983).

 

Underlined:             Collected during the 1993 survey.

**                                        Endemic to the Uluguru Mountains.

*                                           Endemic to Tanzania.

a                                           Represented only by juveniles and females. Specific identification of millipedes depends on male gonopods (reproductive organs). In several cases only juveniles and females were found, and these specimens could only be identified to genus or family. Individuals of the families Fuhrmannodesmidae, Paradoxosomatidae and Pyrgodesmidae are quite small and therefore difficult to work with. Probably my specimens from these three families represent taxa new to science.

 

Class: Diplopoda

 Subclass: Chilognatha

  Infraclass: Helminthomorpha

   Subterclass: Eugnatha

    Superorder: Merocheta

     Order: Polydesmida (Leach 1814)

       Family: Ammodesmidae (Cook 1896)

                                                                                                       a                         Ammodesmidae sp.

                                                                                                       *                         Elassystrema pongwe (Hoffman and Howell 1981)

       Family: Cryptodesmidae (Karsch 1879)

                                                                                                       *                         Elythemus enghoffi (Hoffman 1978)

       Family: Fuhrmannodesmidae (Brolemann 1916)

                                                                                                       a                         Fuhrmannodesmidae sp.

       Family: Gomphodesmidae (Cook 1896)

                                                                                                       **                      Uluguria inexpectata (Hoffman 1964)

       Family: Oxydesmidae (Cook 1895)

                                                                                                       **                      Alloctoproctus sp. 1 (probably a new species)

                                                                                                       **                      A. stoltzei (Hoffman 1990)

                                                                                                       **                      Gonepacra eos (Hoffman 1990)

                                                                                                       **                      G. lescurei (Demange 1977)

                                                                                                       **                      Lyodesmus kimboza (Hoffman 1990)

                                                                                                       **                      L. rubidopsis (Kraus 1958)

                                                                                                       **                      Morogorodesmus restans (Hoffman 1967)

                                                                                                       a                         Oxydesmini sp.

                                                                                                       **                      Rhododesmus planus planus (Kraus 1958)

       Family: Paradoxosomatidae (Daday 1889)

                                                                                                       a                         Paradoxosomatini sp.

                                                                                                       **                      Suohelisoma ulugurense (Hoffman 1964)

       Family: Pyrgodesmidae (Silvestri 1896)

                                                                                                       a                         Pyrgodesmidae sp.

     Superorder: Nematophora

      Order: Stemmiulida (Pocock 1895)

       Family: Stemmiulidae (Pocock 1894)

                                                                                                       **                      Stemmiulus uluguruensis (Mauriès 1989)

                                                                                                       **                      S. albicephalus (Mauriès 1989)

     Superorder: Juliformia

      Order: Spirobolida (Bollman 1893)

       Family: Pachybolidae (Cook 1897)

                                                                                                                                   Epibolus pulchripes (Gerstäcker 1873)

                                                                                                       **                      Pachybolus morogoroensis (Kraus 1958)

                                                                                                       a                         Pachybolus sp.

      Order: Spirostreptida (Brandt 1833)

       Family: Harpagophoridae (Attems 1909)

                                                                                                       **                      Obelostreptus cf. proximospinosus (Krabbe 1982)

       Family: Odontopygidae (Attems 1909)

                                                                                                       **                      Allantogonus sp. 1

                                                                                                       **                      Hoffmanides dissutus (Hoffman 1963)

                                                                                                       **                      Odontopyge sp. 1 (probably a new species)

                                                                                                       **                      Odontopyge sp. 2 (probably a new species)

                                                                                                       a                         Odontopygidae sp.

                                                                                                       *                         Plethocrossus tardus (Attems 1914)

                                                                                                       a                         Xystopyge sp.

       Family: Spirostreptidae (Brandt 1833)

                                                                                                       **                      Attemsostreptus costatus (Verhoeff 1941)

                                                                                                       **                      A. orobius (Kraus 1958)

                                                                                                       **                      Lophostreptus poriger (Verhoeff 1941)

                                                                                                       *                         Spirostreptus hamatus (Demange 1977)

                                                                                                       **                      S. inflatannulatus (Verhoeff 1941)

                                                                                                       **                      S. nebularis (Kraus 1958)

 

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This table shows that 23 (86 %) of 28[1] millipede taxa known from the Uluguru Mountains are endemic. A further four are endemic to Tanzania. The remaining 8 taxa have either not been identified to species or are known also from other mountains.

 

Table 7.2. Endemicity of some invertebrate groups occuring in the Ulugurus (current knowledge).

 

 

Invertebrate group                                                                                  Endemicity                                                       Reference

 

With little ability to disperse

Millipedes (Diplopoda)                                                                    85 % (23 of 28 taxa)                               Table 7.1

Harvestmen (Opiliones)                                                                    88 % (15 of 17 species)                      Lawrence 1963

Montane groundbeetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae)    95 % (41 of 43 species)                     Basilewsky (1976)

Pselaphids (Coleoptera: Pselaphidae)                               100 % (all 43 species)                         Leleup (1965, 1976)

Montane forest earwigs (Dermaptera)                                91 % (10 of 11 species)                      Brindle (1975)

 

Able to balloon or good flyers

Linyphiid dwarf spiders (Araneae: Linyphiidae)    86 % (14 of 17 species)                      Scharff (1992, 1993)

Butterflies (Lepidoptera)                                                                 27 % (10 of 37 species)                      de Jong and Congdon (1993)

 


[1] Reading Table 7.1 it is clear that at least 36 species occur in the Ulugurus. The reason for including only 28 of them in the calculation of the percentage of endemism is that it is not possible to say whether some of the last eight taxa may actually be endemic as well (click on the footnote number to reurn to text).